Epidermis of Stem Leaf and Sepal
The epidermis is the outermost cell layer of a plant and serves as protection against uncontrolled evaporation and attack by microbes and herbivores. On stems and roots, the primary epidermis is replaced by cork during secondary growth. The epidermis of roots differs from that of shoots stems, leaves, reproductive organs in terms of both developmental origin and structure and is therefore treated separately. Root epidermis is not often seen in medicinal plant material because older roots in...
Melissa officinalis L
Lemon Balm Leaf Melissae Folium Lamiaceae Lemon balm is a delicious lemony-tasting botanical that is widely used for colic, restlessness, teething, and fever in children. It is also used as a mood elevator, antidepressant, and relaxing diaphoretic in adults, among many other uses. In Europe, a balm made from the essential oil-rich leaves is also used topically as an antiviral for the treatment of oral herpes. Although the leaves of lemon balm are not readily subject to adulteration, whole-plant...
How To Bond A Methyl Group To The Amine Carbon Atom In Dextroamphetamine
Amphetamine, ( )-1-phenyl-2-aminopropane (Benzedrine), as the racemic mixture has a higher proportion of cardiovascular effects than the dextro isomer. For most medical uses, the dextrorotatory isomer is preferred. Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Dextroamphetamine Phosphate Dextroamphetamine, (+)-(s)-methylphenethylamine, forms salts with sulfuric acid (Dexedrine) and with phosphoric acids. The phosphate is the more water-soluble salt and is preferred if parenteral administration is required. The...
Adjustment of pH and Salt Formation
Figure 2 is a flowchart that highlights various strategic paths in parenteral formulation development as a function of basic physical properties (melting point, log P, and solute polarity). The vertical bar on the right-hand side associates a spectrum of solute polarity, from highest at the top and lowest at the bottom, with the most fruitful formulation strategy that will generally apply. Compounds at the top right-hand column are those that are the most polar. Compounds of this type will...
The general allosteric ternary complex model
The term 'allosteric' (from the Greek meaning 'other site') was introduced by Monod et al. (1965) to define binding of ligands to sites on enzymes that were topographically distinct from the substrate-binding site. These accessory binding sites were called 'allosteric sites', in contrast to the substrate-binding (active) site, which was defined as the 'isosteric site'. For GPCRs, the orthosteric site refers to the agonist binding Figure 213 Allosteric models for the binding of two ligands (A...
Structural Features of the ATP7A and ATP7B Proteins
The sequence of ATP7A predicts a 1500-amino-acid polypeptide and characteristic structural features identify it as a member of the extended family of transmembrane proteins known as P-type ATPases (92). There are at least 80 known P-type ATPases found in all life forms. These enzymes are primarily involved in the ATP hydrolysis-dependent transmembrane movement of various cations, including H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ (112). The term P-type refers to the existence of a high-energy...
L-Phenylalanine
L-phenylalanine is an essential amino acid which can be converted to L-tyrosine by a complex biochemical process which takes place in the liver. an essential amino acid which, once in the body, can also convert to another amino acid, tyrosine, which participates in synthesizing two key neurotransmitters that promote alertness, dopamine and norepinephrine. Through interaction with the central nervous system, it can elevate mood, decrease pain, aid memory and learning, and suppress the appetite.
Memantine A7 Nachr Donepezil
Donepezil was the second cholinesterase inhibitor which became available for the symptomatic treatment of DAT. It is a noncompetitive, reversible AChE inhibitor ( Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as cognitive enhancers) with a high central versus peripheral cholinomimetic specificity and a long duration of inhibitory action. In large-scale clinical studies it was shown to be a well-tolerated drug that causes improvement of cognitive and global function in mild to...
Phenyltriazine Intestine
Lamotrigine, an AED of the phenyltriazine class, has been found effective against refractory partial seizures. Like phenytoin and CBZ, its main mechanism of action appears to be blockade of sodium channels that is both voltage- and use-dependent. It also inhibits the high-threshold calcium channel, possibly through inhibition of presynaptic N-type calcium channels and also blocks glutamate release.18,19 Lamotrigine is metabolized predominantly by glucuronida-tion. The major inactive urinary...
Vinpocetine
Vinpocetine is a semi-synthetic derivative of vincamine. Vincamine is an alkaloid derived from the plant Vinca minor L., a member of the periwinkle family. Vinpocetine, as well as vincamine, are used in Europe, Japan and Mexico as pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of cerebrovascular and cognitive disorders. In the United States, vinpocetine is marketed as a dietary supplement. It is sometimes called a nootropic, meaning cognition enhancer, from the Greek noos for mind.
Herbs to help you cope
YOU are a woman between 45 and 55 with scanty or frequent heavy periods or some changes in your periods. You are getting hot flashes, vaginal dryness, sleep disturbances, aching joints, bladder sensitivity, with frequent urination and discomfort with it. You are perimenopausal. Besides the wholesome diet , you could also take the BioLife Woman 50+. This supplement is very suitable for women like these, especially if they have low body fat and have been exercising.
An Effort to Protect Yourself from Chemtrail Poisoning
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Such is Ben Franklin's saying. How true it is He was talking about fire prevention, but the analogy can surely be applied to health. Especially when it comes to heavy metal and chemical exposure, the body's immune, nervous and endocrine systems may likely be worn down faster than therapies can build them back up, though there is some individual variation (see quote at the conclusion of this article).
Thip Dose Response Curve
FIGURE 1 Structures of the GABAA agonist partial agonist THIP, the GABAA partial agonist antagonist Thio-THIP, and the GABAc antagonist Aza-THIP. as an agonist by a distinct subpopulation of GABA receptors, which was named GABAb receptors (Bowery et al., 1980). Cloning of the GABAbR1 and GABABR2 receptors and the identification of functional heterodimeric GABAB receptors have greatly stimulated GABAB receptor research (Martin et al., 1999 Mohler and Fritschy, 1999). The classical BMC-sensitive...
Depression
Depressive illness is the most common associated psychiatric disorder that is found in patients with chronic pain. Between 20 and 50 percent of patients attending chronic pain clinics fulfil the criteria for this diagnosis.2,12 13 The three most typical symptoms of a depressive illness are 2. loss of interest and pleasure 3. loss of energy and increased fatigue.9 Loss of appetite and or weight, change in sleep pattern, and poor concentration are also usually present. These latter symptoms are...
Topical Tricyclic Antidepressants
Few classes of drugs are more extensively used in the management of chronic pain conditions than the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Substantial and convincing evidence supports their use in a variety of pain conditions including neuropathic pain and the pain associated with fibromyalgia. Their use is so common that it is now normal for them to be initiated by General Practitioners. The pain relief that may be apparent is independent of their antidepressant effects but any mood improvement...
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is an essential vitamin to aid in the formation of healthy red blood cells and supports more vital bodily functions than any other vitamin. A water-soluble vitamin, Vitamin B6 is needed to release energy from the food we eat. Since it cannot be stored in the body, it must be obtained daily from either food or supplements.
Creating A Healthy, Non Toxic Bedroom
Many of us understand the importance of consuming organic foods and making detoxification a regular part of our health routine. Creating a healthy home environment is also part of the detoxification clean living process. After learning about the health hazards of dryer sheets and toxic cleaning products you may have already eliminated these items from your home, but what about the bedroom What toxins may be lurking there We spend one third of our lives in a bedroom sleeping and many times this...
Role of 5HT2A and 5HT2C Receptors in the Regulation of the Behavioral State
Several approaches have been followed to characterize the role of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the regulation of sleep and W. They include Table 20.1 Distribution of the 5-HT2A receptor in rat brain From Mengod et al. 1990 Abramowski et al. 1995 Duxon et al. 1997 Cornea-Hebert et al. 1999 Clemett et al. 2000 Frontal Parietal Occipital Piriform Olfactory bulb Medial and lateral septal nuclei Hippocampal formation Amygdala Nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca Ventral pallidum Nucleus...
Clonazepam
Sleep disturbance is a major problem in patients with fibromyalgia. Tricyclics are often initiated as much to regularize sleep patterns as to reduce pain. Clonazepam, a long-acting benzodiazepine, can be a useful alternative to a tricyclic. It combines analgesic, antispasmodic, and anxiolytic properties with its hypnotic effects. Morning hangover is a real possibility after dosing the previous evening and may require careful manipulation of dose to minimize this troublesome side effect. That...
Hypoglycemic Agent Pharm Chem
Protamine sulfate has an anticoagulant effect, but if used in the proper amount, it counteracts the action of heparin and is used as an antidote for the latter in cases of overdosage. It is administered intravenously in a dose that depends on the circumstances. Dicumarol, USP. Dicumarol, 3,3'-methylenebis 4-hy-droxycoumarin , is a white or creamy white crystalline powder with a faint, pleasant odor and a slightly bitter taste. It is practically insoluble in water or...
GTPase Assay
Some of the seminal pioneering experiments on constitutive GPCR activity were performed by use of the steady-state GTPase assay 17, 35, 72-74 , so this assay constitutes a classic approach to study of constitutive GPCR activity. An advantage of the GTPase assay for the assessment of constitutive GPCR activity is that the assay monitors the outcome of R to R* isomerization at a proximal point of the signal transduction cascade (i.e., at the G protein level) as compared to, for example, the gene...
Polyphenols
Polyphenols are compounds found in plants that exhibit antioxidant activity and are theorized to reduce risk of cancers by blocking the action of enzymes and deactivating substances associated with cancer growth, reduce cardiovascular disease risk, and bind nonheme iron from plant sources thus decreasing absorption by the body. They include tannins, lignins, anthocyanins, catechins, epicatechin, stilbenes gallic acid, and flavonoids. In recent years, polyphenols have received almost daily media...
Interactions With P75ntr And P75ntrregulated Signaling Pathways
Each of the neurotrophins also binds to the pan-neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily (5, 8). p75NTR binds each of the neurotrophins with approximately equal affinity. Recent work has also shown that p75NTR interacts with the Nogo receptor as a signal-transmitting subunit that mediates inhibitory effects on axon growth of three myelin-associated glyco-proteins Nogo, MAG, and Omgp (156a, 156b). Neurotrophin binding to p75NTR promotes survival of some cells and...
Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Drug Activity
In general, all clinically effective antiepileptic drugs are effective against audiogenic seizures in mice and rats. Phenytoin, phenobarbital, valproate, ethosuximide, tri-methadione, diazepam, clonazepam, and lorazepam have all been reported to protect against audiogenic seizures in DBA 2 mice.65 Broad spectrum anticonvulsant effects have also been reported in Frings21 and Rb mice.66 Carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproate, ethosuximide, phenobarbital, and clonazepam have been demonstrated to...
Evaluation of Seizure Severity
Seizure rating scales developed to quantitate audiogenic seizure severity in mice and rats all possess a number of similarities. All audiogenic seizure rating scales are ordinal, following the same progression no response, wild running only, generalized clonus, and finally tonic extension. There are differences in these scales based upon the characteristics of the species and preferences of the investigator. 1. Audiogenic Seizure Rating Scales in Mice Audiogenic seizures in mice are commonly...
Convulsive Response
Patterns of audiogenic seizures are very similar in mice and rats.1 The basic convulsive response in mice and rats consists of a wild running episode which terminates in either a generalized clonic convulsion or some degree of generalized tonic convulsion. Each of these behaviors is considered to be of brainstem origin.2 One difference between the genetically susceptible mouse and rat strains involves the selective breeding for specific audiogenic seizure traits in rats. Within a mouse strain,...
Audiogenic Priming
Acoustic priming, audiogenic sensitization, or audiogenic priming refer to the production of audiogenic seizure susceptibility in mice or rats not previously susceptible to audiogenic seizures through exposure to intense acoustic stimulation at critical developmental periods. In a typical acoustic priming procedure, mice or rats are exposed to intense acoustic stimulation for some period of time. No audiogenic seizure is elicited by the initial acoustic exposure. However, a subsequent acoustic...
Mechanism Of Audiogenic Seizures
L., Audiogenic seizures, in Experimental Models of Epilepsy A Manual for the Laboratory Worker, Purpura, D. P., Penry, J. K., Tower, D. M., Woodbury, D. M., and Walker, R., Eds., Raven Press, New York, 1972, 347. 2. Jobe, P. C., Mishra, P. K., and Dailey, J. W., Genetically epilepsy-prone rats actions of antiepileptic drugs and monoaminergic neurotransmitters, in Drugs for Control of Epilepsy Actions on Neuronal Networks Involved in Seizure Disorders, Faingold, C. L. and Fromm,...
References Of Kodama S On Ketogenic Diet At 2012
Prasad AN, Stafstrom CE, Holmes GL. Alternative epilepsy strategies the ketogenic diet, immunoglobulins, and steroids. Epilepsia 1996 37 Suppl 1 S81-S95. 2. Merritt HH, Putnam TJ. Sodium diphenylhydantoinate in the treatment of convulsive disorders. J Am Med Assoc 1938 111 1068-1073. 3. Richards RK, Everett GM. Analgesic and anticonvulsive properties of 3,5,5-trimethyloxazoliidine-2,4-dione Tridione . Fed Proc 1944 3 39. 4. Krall RL, Penry JK, White BG, Kupferberg HJ, Swinyard EA....
Antioxidants and antiinflammatory agents
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in many biological processes including the inflammatory response. ' ' Ebselen (1) is an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory that has undergone Phase III clinical trials as a neuroprotective agent and is soon to become the first synthetic organoselenium therapeutic released on the market. Selenium is not liberated from Ebselen 1, and as such it is relatively non-toxic. The anti-inflammatory action of Ebselen 1 is attributed to its ability to interfere...
GPCR dimerization
GPCRs are traditionally regarded to exist and to be fully functional as monomers. Yet, recent findings suggest that they also exist as homo- as well as heterodimers i.e. dimers between, respectively, the same and different receptor molecules . As dimerization is often observed in recombinant cell systems, there is a major concern that this process could be due to receptor overexpression and, hence, about the physiological relevance of this process. However, dimerization has also been observed...
Diethylstilbestrol
DES is a diphenolic compound synthesized in 1938 53 in the search for an orally effective estrogen. It matches E2 in terms of its affinity to the estrogen receptors and is superior in terms of oral efficacy. DES contributed much to the present concern about carcinogenic effects of estrogens, as it proved to be the culprit of a rare form of vaginal and cervical tumors discovered in 1970 by Herbst et al. 54 and was shown to be a potent carcinogen in several animal models including the Syrian...
Opioids And Muscular Rigidity
Opioids can induce muscular rigidity, which is due to an increased tone of the striatal muscle. Especially, the muscles of the thoracic cage and of the abdomen show this rigidity, a phenomenon, which is observed after the bolus injection of a potent opioid, such as the fentanyl series (i.e. fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil and remifentanil Figure II-57). Increase in muscle tone is directly correlated to the -receptor interaction, because mixed agonist antagonists and highly selective -opioid...
Biorelevant Dissolution Methods
Unlike dissolution methods used for QC in which their design is primarily based upon drug substance physicochemical properties and formulation principles, biorelevant dissolution methods are designed to closely simulate physiological conditions in the GI tract. However, it should be noted that the physico-chemical properties of the drug substance e.g., solubility and its formulation e.g., immediate- or extended-release dosage forms play a key role in selecting an appropriate type of biorelevant...
Diffusioncontrolled Drug Delivery Systems
Diffusion is one of the basic mass transport mechanisms, which is involved in the control of drug release from numerous drug delivery systems (14-16). Fick was the first to treat this phenomenon in a quantitative way (21), and the textbook of Crank (22) provides various solutions of Fick's second law for different device geometries and initial and boundary conditions. A very interesting introduction into this type of mass transport is given by Cussler (23). Several types of species can diffuse...
Zeren Wang and Rama A Shmeis
Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut 5.2 Theoretical Considerations for Dissolution Controlled 140 Release Matrix and Coated Systems 5.2.1 Dissolution of solid particles 140 5.2.2 Dissolution of coated systems 142 5.2.3 Dissolution of matrix systems 146 5.3 Parameters for Design of Dissolution Controlled 149 Release Matrix and Coated Systems 5.3.1 Parameters affecting dissolution 149 of solid particles 5.3.2 Parameters affecting dissolution 150 of coated systems...
Infraclavicular Block
The infraclavicular block targets the brachial plexus at the level of the cords below the clavicle and is most commonly used for surgery distal to mid-humerus. Table 20.7 identifies innervation from the nerves affected by an infraclavicular block. The infraclavicular block insertion site is quit useful for placement and securing of a catheter for continuous postoperative analgesia. As primary anesthesia and or postoperative pain management with or without a continuous catheter for elbow,...
GPCR structure
During the mid-seventies, it became possible to identify the P-adrenergic receptors directly i.e. by radioligand binding and soon afterwards the receptors could be purified by affinity chromatography. Amino acid sequences from small fractions of the purified receptors could be determined, and this opened new horizons for the molecular biologist. Figure 80 A Three-dimensional structure of bacteriorhodopsin reprinted from Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 1460, Subramaniam S. and Henderson R....
Half Life t12
The time it takes for the amount of compound in the body to decrease to one half of the original amount is the half-life (see Fig. 1.4). Half-life is expressed in units of time (i.e., hours). Halflife can be calculated as follows For a 2-compartment model (see Sect. 1.3) The degree of accumulation following multiple doses is governed by the half-life elimination rate constant. The Accumulation ratio R is defined as follows Cmax is the highest or peak blood plasma concentration after a single...
Towards the Synthesis of Various Heteroaromatic Lipoxin A4 Analogues
Our research group has successfully demonstrated that the introduction of benzene, pyridine and thiophene rings into the core Lipoxin structure has contributed to an enhancement of the biological profile of this class of eicos-anoid 1, 2 . There is an on-going effort in the pharmaceutical industry to design and synthesise new drugs to combat existing inflammatory disorders. These novel stable LXA4 analogues possess the ability to aid the inflammation process and are therefore showing potential...
Steric Features Of Drugs
Regardless of the ultimate mechanism by which the drug and the receptor interact, the drug must approach the receptor and fit closely to its surface. Steric factors determined by the stereochemistry of the receptor site surface and that of the drug molecules are, therefore, of primary importance in determining the nature and the efficiency of the drug-receptor interaction. With the possible exception of the general anesthetics, such drugs must possess a high structural specificity to initiate a...
Patientcontrolled Analgesia Pca For Postoperative Pain Therapy
Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) has become an acceptable and highly effective means of relieving post-operative pain. PCA is a medication-dispensing unit equipped with a pump attached to an intravenous line, which is inserted into a blood vessel in the patient's hand or arm (Figure III-59). By means of a simple push button mechanism, the patient is allowed to self-administer doses of pain relieving medication (narcotic) on an 'as need' basis. Prior to release from the hospital, the patient...
Ascorbic Acid Sodium Ascorbate, Vitamin C
Vitamin C is the L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid. Commercial vitamin C is often a mix of ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate and or other ascorbates. Ascorbic acid is an organic acid and antioxidant also known as vitamin C. Ascorbic acid is easily oxidized and so is used as a reductant in photographic developer solutions (among others) and as a preservative. The L enantiomer of ascorbic acid is also known as vitamin C (the name ascorbic comes from its property of preventing and curing scurvy).
What Menopause Means
MENOPAUSE, also know as the change of life, is the end of the woman's menstrual period. In general, it occurs to women from the late 30s to early 60s. Menopause starts when the ovaries no longer respond to the controlling hormones released by the pituitary gland of the brain. As a result, the ovaries fail to produce the female hormones oestrogen and progesterone. Many women experience symptoms of menopause and irregular periods for several years leading to menopause.
Vitamin Composition In Seaweed
There is only few published data concerning vitamin content and bio-availability of vitamin forms contained in edible seaweeds. Generally, seaweeds contain both water- and fat-soluble vitamins, B-complex vitamins, vitamin C, provitamin A, and vitamin E, but some of them only in relatively low content. A. Factors influencing vitamin content in seaweed The composition and therefore the vitamin profile of seaweeds vary and are affected by algal species, algal grown stage, geographic area and...
Antimycin-type Depsipeptides Deepsea-derived Bacteria
Enzyme inhibitors and agents targetting other therapeutic areas. Although the majority of biomedically relevant marine microbial metabolites reported to date show activities against cancer or infectious diseases, a growing number of molecules have been shown to act on more diverse biochemical targets including specific enzymes. Enzyme inhibitors have been reported from both marine fungi and bacteria tables 1, 2 and one such compound is described below. In addition, a compound with...
Keeping the weight off
Whether you decide on a high-protein diet, a low-fat diet, or some other approach, experts agree that the only way to shed excess weight is to cut the total numbers of calories you consume and or burn more calories through exercise. Simple enough to understand but often much more difficult to do. Even as we've become more and more obsessed with diets and dieting, we've become fatter and fatter.
Vitamins: vitamin nutritions
Vitamins are a class of essential nutrients that cannot be synthesized (either at all or in sufficient quantities) by a given organism and must be taken (in trace quantities) with food for that organism's continued good health. Humans require 13 different vitamins. The term vitamin is not used for other classes of essential nutrients including dietary minerals, essential fatty acids or essential amino acids.
Seasonal Skincare for the Body
Seasonal changes in the weather not only affect changes in nature seasonal changes affect the mind, body, spirit and our skin. When the seasons change, we have different nutritional needs, we are required to dress differently and care for our skin differently. So as we move into the Fall and Winter, our Summertime routines no longer make sense as our body adapts to a new season.
Seeing Spots? What are Dark Spots on the Skin?
As we age, our skin can develop dark brown or black pigmentations, commonly called dark spots, sun spots, liver spots, or age spots. These range in color from light brown to red or black and are located in areas most often exposed to the sun, particularly the hands, face, shoulders, arms and forehead, and the scalp, if bald. From the age of about 40 onward, the skin is less able to regenerate from sun exposure.
Copper Peptides
Is Copper Good for Your Skin Copper peptide is considered one of the most effective skin regeneration ingredients available in fact, it is often referred to as a face-lift in a bottle'. For thousands of years, people have understood the relationship between copper and healthy, vibrant skin.
Calming Sensitive Skin
62 of women and 32 of men say they have sensitive skin skin that is reactive, irritable and intolerant to all cosmetic or skincare products, even water. Technically, the dermatological definition of sensitive skin is skin that gets flushed, itchy, and easily inflamed. This can be due to environmental factors like extreme weather changes, genetics, or simply by using the wrong products for your skin type.
Exfoliating with Enzymes
Keep Your Skin Clear, NaturallyRegular exfoliation is an essential step in maintaining healthy, nourished and conditioned skin. Without an exfoliating regimen, the skin becomes dull and lifeless, and expensive skincare products are unable to penetrate the skin to do their reparative job.
Treating Mild to Moderate Acne Scars
Acne scars are a painful reminder of an embarrassing and unsightly condition. The best way to prevent acne scars from forming is to treat signs of acne early, thereby avoiding the possibility of scarring. However, once formed, acne scars are best treated as soon as possible. Until recently, acne scars have been difficult to treat and almost impossible to erase.
Tightening the Neck and Jawline
In an effort to beat the clock and help turn back time, we tend to focus on anti-aging treatments for the face and often neglect the neck and jawline. The result, the neck, chin and jaw can look older than your rejuvenated face. To avoid that, there are a number of remedies to tighten sagging necks and slack jaw lines most of which can be performed in an office setting in less than an hour.
Treating Mild Acne at Home
If your skin is usually trouble-free and you only have to deal with breakouts on rare occasions, you can probably treat your blackheads and whiteheads with items you have at home instead of buying products from a store. Keeping your skin clean and free of oil is the best way to prevent acne from occurring. Oil-based makeup products should not be used since they can contribute to buildup of oil in the follicles. Using water-based makeup labeled, non-comedogenic, is safe to use.
6 Ways to Treat Sun Spots
Sun spots also referred to as age spots, liver spots or dark spots are flat brown, gray or black spots that usually appear on the back of the hands, neck, face, shoulders and arms any area most often exposed to the sun. While sun spots may not show up until the age of 40 or so, (hence the other name, age spots) they can appear on younger people. Those with light colored, or fair skin and those who have a history of frequent sunburn or exposure to the sun, will most commonly develop sun spots.
Rough Feet and Cracked Heels
Treating and Healing Rough Feet and Cracked HeelsRough, dry feet and cracked heels are not the best look for summer sandals, the beach, or even around the house. Rough skin on the feet is due to overly dry skin. Cracked heels happen when the skin around the heels becomes thickened or dry and the heel loses its pliable softness this causes the skin to split or crack under the simple pressure of walking.
Melanoma Risk for Redheads
Are redheads at greater risk of developing Melanoma We have always known that those with fair hair and fair skin are at increased risk of damage from the sun's harmful rays. Recently though, a study in mice with ginger hair and fair skin revealed an even higher risk of sun damage compared to all other skin and hair types, including those with blonde hair.
Makeup Tips and Tricks
Ways to Look Younger with MakeupIt's difficult to turn back the aging clock once it begins ticking. Trying to achieve that youthful look with makeup is even more challenging but it can be done with these tips and tricks to help make you look ageless Tip 1 First things first remember to moisturize Before applying any makeup apply a moisturizer to damp skin.
Dermatitis: Types, Symptoms and Causes
Dermatitis is a general term that describes an inflammation of the skin. It is not contagious or dangerous but it can be uncomfortable. Dermatitis produces scaling, flaking, thickening, color changes in the skin and it is almost always itchy. Types and Symptoms of DermatitisThere are different types of dermatitis, each with their own set of causes and symptoms. However they all have the same common symptoms of redness, itching, swelling, and skin lesions.
IPL Hair Removal
Permanent Hair Removal IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) is a safe and effective way to permanently remove unwanted hair. IPL uses broad-based light to target melanin in the hair shaft as well as the hair follicle. As soon as the focused broad-spectrum light rays strike the melanin, they are converted into heat energy. This heat energy destroys the hair roots, bulbs and shafts. It also destroys the entire hair follicle and other surrounding cells that are responsible for hair re-growth.
Is Your Cell Phone Giving You Acne Mechanica?
Yes, there really is a condition called Acne Mechanica and it's not only something you get from spending too much time on your cellphone it's common among sports athletes, professional musicians, soldiers and more. In simple terms, anything that traps heat against the body for an extended period of time, presses against the skin or rubs it, can trigger Acne Mechanica. It can appear on the face or body anywhere where there is constant pressure and repetitive friction against the skin.
Sun Poisoning: What Are The Lasting Effects?
What is sun poisoning Simply stated, it does not mean you have been poisoned it's a term used to describe someone who has a severe case of sunburn. Sunburn is an inflammation of the skin that is caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. UV rays are most intense at noon and the hours immediately before and after (between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m.), particularly in the late spring, summer, and early autumn.
Skin Corrective Treatments
CARING FOR THE SKIN AFTER CORRECTIVE TREATMENTSSkin corrective treatments are an ideal way to resurface uneven skin tone and repair damaged skin. Peels and enzymes are an excellent way to correct and nourish damaged skin, but this effective treatment takes time and planning. Not only do you need to plan for recovery time, you need to follow a string of precautions, do's and don'ts, to avoid damaging the outcome and result of the treatment.
Treat Your Skin While You Sleep
Night time is the best time to repair, rejuvenate, and condition the skin. That's because research has shown that certain physiological changes that happen at night may enhance the effectiveness of some creams, serums and lotions. Specifically, there is evidence that our skin can tell the difference between day and night and that it uses the night time to replenish dead skin cells, repair DNA and detoxify itself. At night, blood flow in the skin increases.
Particle Size
Recent advances in column stationary phases are remarkable. High performance silica-based reversed-phase 3 to 5 m packing materials have been developed for biological sample separations FIGURE 14.7 Retention of basic analytes at different mobile phase pH values against pKa for basic molecules. FIGURE 14.7 Retention of basic analytes at different mobile phase pH values against pKa for basic molecules. with formic acid for MS detection. Recently, 1.5 to 2 m diameter C18 particles became available...
Vapour pressure lowering
The change of vapour pressure following the addition of a nonvolatile solute to a solvent may be determined by application of Raoult's law. Since the solute is nonvolatile, the total vapour pressure, P, above the dilute solution is Figure 2.7 Graph of anaesthetic pressure P against the reciprocal of the reduced physiological temperature, Tr. Compounds not following the relationship (fluoromethane, perfluoromethane and perfluoroethane) are identified by the symbol . Reproduced from A. Cammarata,...
Pumpkin Skincare Products
Each year at this time, we cannot resist talking about the power of pumpkins Pumpkin enzyme is one of nature's best and most effective skin rejuvenating agents for the skin. Pumpkin pulp, seeds, and seed oil are all used in skincare products and many appear at this time of year when the fall harvest of organic pumpkins is ready for the picking. Products made with pumpkin fruit and enzymes contain over one hundred beneficial nutrients and minerals.
How to Cover Acne Blemishes with Make Up
Acne is so often associated with teens but there is more and more evidence that those in their 20s, 30s, and even their 40s and beyond also struggle with acne-prone skin. Whether your acne is brought on by diet, hormones, stress, or by using the wrong products, the result is the same breakouts, blocked pores and red bumps that can be difficult to hide, especially when you want to look your best. Tips for Covering Acne BlemishesHiding acne bumps and breakouts is tricky.
Boost Skin Hydration
The cooler months of the Fall and Winter can rob your skin of essential moisture. The lack of humidity in the air and the artificial heat of inside environments all contribute to chronic dry skin. Eating a seasonal diet of foods packed with antioxidants like pumpkin, sweet potatoes and carrots and omega-rich foods like walnuts and flax seeds, help protect and repair skin cells from free radical damage and aid in retaining the skin's moisture.
Acne Treatments - Home Remedies for Papules and Pustules Pimples
While simple, homeopathic treatments are not a substitute for the treatment of severe acne, when used over time and applied regularly, home remedies and natural treatments do help reduce swelling and improve the overall condition of the skin. Here are some natural, healthy skin solutions you can try for your mild to moderate acne Tea tree oil and Aloe Vera gel are very effective in treating pustules. These have anti- bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that help in the healing process.
Old World Beauty Secrets, Tips, and Treatments
Women from around the world each have their own beauty secrets and natural remedies handed down over generations. Some of these are closely guarded secrets, some are folklore, and some are simple remedies practiced daily as a way of protecting, treating and keeping the skin healthy and beautiful all are natural remedies created from simple, abundant ingredients. Old World Beauty Tip from PolandPolish women use honey as an intensive moisturizer.
Things That Can Affect The Skin
Apart from any inherited factors that determine what type of skin you have, there are many factors that affect the way your skin looks and feels. Knowing what these factors are and how they affect the skin is important if your goal is to keep your skin looking and feeling its best for as long as possible.
How to Prevent Ingrown Hairs in
Pseudofolliculitis Barbae (PBF) is a condition commonly referred to as ingrown hairs caused by shaving. The condition is most prevalent in African American men due to the genetic curvature of the hair follicle, but Hispanic and Caucasian men, and some women with curly hair can have PBF in areas where they shave. Causes of PBFIn short, shaving causes PBF and the closer you shave, the more likely you will end up with the condition.
Using Retinoids
What Happens To The Skin When Using RetinoidsRetinoids work by stimulating cellular turnover which increases the production of collagen in the skin. Topical retinoids are used for a variety of reasons for the control and management of acne as an anti-aging treatment to tone and tighten, reverse and prevent the formation of fine lines and wrinkles or as a treatment to even out dark spots from sun damage, just to name a few. Retinoids can be irritating to the skin during the initial weeks of use.
Anti-Aging Treatments
There are many ways to turn back the clock and keep your skin looking younger, longer. Some treatments last longer than others some are designed just to keep the skin supple, moist and nourished an important part of any anti-aging strategy. Now there are a number of effective, non-invasive treatments available through your esthetician (assuming they are properly certified in your State) that deliver dramatic results without having to go under the knife or take time off for recovery.
Acne Treatment for Nodules and Cysts
The treatment for nodules, or nodular acne , or cysts, also called cystic acne , should begin as soon as possible to reduce the risk of scarring. This is especially important if you have a history of scarring easily. For those who have nodules, but do not have cystic lesions, the term nodular acne is more accurate. Nodules are larger and more serious than typical pustules or pimples. They affect deeper layers of the skin and can be painful. Cysts (cystic acne), is the most severe form of acne.
Bleach Bath Treatment for Eczema
Eczema in Babies and ChildrenIn a study published in the May issue of Pediatrics, researchers tested various treatments on children from ages 6 months to 17 years old with severe eczema. They found that soaking in a diluted bleach bath for five to ten minutes twice a week, was five times more effective at treating eczema than plain water (used by the placebo group).
Best Way to Clean Your Face
Washing your face is a simple, daily, task we all take for granted and do without thinking like brushing your teeth. But there is a best way to wash your face to ensure that you really are getting it clean without damaging your skin. Scrubbing your skin might sound like a good way to really clean it, but it's not a good idea.
Jade Rollers
Chinese women have used Jade Rollers to perfect their beauty and promote youthful skin since the 12th Century. In the past, only the richest and most powerful women of their time were able to possess such a prized treasure. Today we can all benefit from the simple, yet effective treatment. Jade facial rollers integrate natural energy from the stone, while the coolness of the jade closes pores, promotes blood circulation, reduces puffiness, wrinkling and more.
Foods to Boost Your Skin Health
Boosting your skin health from the inside is easy when you know what foods to eat and why. There is no question that a healthy diet means healthy skin. But there are foods you can add to your diet that will boost your skin health beyond mere nourishment. Here are a few you might already know about, and some that might surprise you Cucumbers once regarded as nutritionally lacking, cucumbers have a new-found resurgence and are now enjoying superfood' status and for good reason Cucumbers consist...
Ingrown Hair
Prevention and Treatment of Ingrown Hairs An ingrown hair occurs when a shaved or tweezed hair grows back into the skin, causing inflammation and irritation. This condition is most common in areas with coarse hair, like the bikini area in women, and beard and neck in men. Individuals with thicker, coarser hairs, such as African American and Mediterranean people tend to have the highest occurrence of ingrown hairs, however, an ingrown hair can affect anyone with tightly coiled hair who shaves,...
PH Balance For Your Skin
We all strive to create balance in our lives balance creates contentment and that leads to fulfillment. That said, your skin also craves balance pH balance. We hear a lot about the importance of maintaining the right pH balance in the skin, but what is the big deal pH Levels in the SkinOur skin has a thin, protective layer on the surface, often referred to as the acid mantle.
Soothe and Hydrate Dry Skin
Our skin dries out more in the Winter than at any other time of the year for a number of reasons. Lack of moisture in the air Forced heat Cold wind and more The result is that dry skin looks dull and grey no it's not just the lack of sunshine, it has more to do with the accumulation of dead skin cells on the skin. Here are some ways to polish dull, tired looking skin and reveal a healthier, softer, more hydrated glow Milk-and-Honey Oatmeal Scrub 1 Tbs. milk powder 1 tsp. honey 1 Tbs.
Exfoliate Your Skin: Definition, Techniques, And Importance
Exfoliation implies getting rid of the old dead cells on the skin in order to reveal the smooth skin lying underneath it. The exfoliate definition states that there are many types of exfoliating means out there. Mechanical or chemical methods can be used both on the face and the body to get rid of unappealing flakes that make the skin look dull. Exfoliating is an essential step in any rigorous beauty routine.
Seeing Red! Treating Dilated Facial Veins
Tiny red capillaries on the face, often referred to as dilated capillaries, broken veins, spider veins, or broken blood vessels are a common skin condition leaving the skin looking flushed, or worse, bruised. However, unlike bruises, broken capillaries don't heal or disappear over time. As it turns out, it's not difficult to damage these delicate veins that are just beneath the skin.
Signs of Sun Damage and How to Prevent Sun Damage
SunburnLook at the healthy skin of any young child the texture of the skin on the top of the arm is the same as the texture on the underside of the arm. Now look at your own arm and compare the texture of the skin on the top vs. the texture on the underside where the sun seldom reaches a simple test to prove that if we did a more thorough job of protecting our skin from the sun's harmful rays, it would have a fine, undamaged, youthful texture.
Minimize the Look of Enlarged Pores
In spite of what some may claim, the actual size of enlarged pores cannot be reduced without invasive treatments, but there are techniques that will help minimize the appearance of enlarged pores and make them appear less visible. Keeping things clean A Daily Routine The first line of defense is to keep the skin clean. It is one of the best and easiest ways to start minimizing enlarged pores.
Fraxel Laser Resurfacing
Rejuvenate, Repair, and Restore Your SkinFraxel laser treatments help remove years from your appearance, resulting in a more youthful look. Whether you have sun damage, wrinkles or other signs of aging, Fraxel laser delivers remarkable results with fast recovery, so you can quickly return to work or other activities with rejuvenated skin. Types of Fraxel LaserThere are three types of Fraxel laser treatments, each with a different level of intensity, downtime, and results.